Genomic Testing & Genetic Testing – What's the Difference?

Oncologists order a genomic analysis test on tissue samples from a cancerous tumor to look for genetic mutations. Cancer has different types of biomarkers which can be identified in the genes and proteins that make up a tumor. Just as every cancer is different, each person’s biomarkers are different.

The test looks at the entire genetics (DNA) which gives important information about how aggressive the cancer is, how well the cancer is likely to respond to chemotherapy treatment and gives a ranking that indicates the likelihood of a later recurrence. This helps the oncologist determine the correct type of treatment for the cancer.

It also provides invaluable information about whether the cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body or if the cancer has an actionable mutation, which is an abnormality in the genetics of the tumor cells for which there is either an FDA approved targeted agent or one that is currently in trial or part of a future trial.

A genomic test can be used for certain types and stages of breast cancer, early-stage prostate cancer, and some stages of colon cancer. The information learned from these tests helps oncologists determine the best course of treatment. These tests can also indicate how aggressive the cancer is, who may benefit from immediate cancer treatment, or who can choose active surveillance.